Robert Kuśmirowski – Graduation Tower

Graduation towers, occasionally referred to as thorn houses, are wooden structures covered with blackthorn bundles, which originally served to make the water in the saline solution evaporate to produce salt used for kitchen and medicinal purposes. The first graduation towers used in salt production were erected in the seventeenth century.

With time, it was noticed that the air around them is highly saturated with the saline solution aerosol as a result of the solution draining through the elements of the towers and also due to natural evaporation. The mineral-rich water droplets in the air have been regarded as having beneficial health effects and their use for medical purposes dates back to the nineteenth century. The first and the largest in Europe graduation structure, designed by Jakub Graff – a professor at the Mining Academy in Kielce, was built in Ciechocinek and is still in use. It is 15.8 metre high and 1741.5 metres long. Its main purpose is to make solution of NaCl in water achieve 16% at minimum (and approx. 27% at maximum). However, the process is highly weather-dependent. During sunny and windy days the vaporization is most intense which gives the best result; during rainy and foggy days the process does not occur almost at all.

Graduation towers have been used for decades in the prevention and treatment of diseases and conditions of the upper respiratory tract, sinusitis, emphysema, high blood pressure, vegetative neurosis and in general exhaustion. Inhalations used for prophylaxis are a great immunity-booster. In a room where the structure of such type is situated, an aerosol rich in a wide range of valuable micronutrients, such as iodine, bromine, calcium, magnesium, potassium, iron, sodium is produced. This aerosol is of negative charge, which has bactericidal features. In the treatment, it is the solution at a concentration of 3-5% that is most beneficial. The towers act as a giant air filter. In 1996, in the sludge and salt from the towers in Ciechocinek the cesium isotopes (Cs-134 and Cs-137) were detected which came from the nuclear power plant disaster in Chernobyl (1986), but their concentration have not posed a threat to human health.