{"id":36663,"date":"2026-05-05T14:54:36","date_gmt":"2026-05-05T12:54:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mnk.pl\/tom-xix-notae-numismaticae-zapiski-numizmatyczne\/a-new-find-of-an-axe-like-iron-bar-from-kroczyce-zawiercie-county-silesian-voivodeship-nowe-znalezisko-grzywny-siekieropodobnej-z-kroczyc-powiat-zawiercianski-wojewodztwo-slaskie\/"},"modified":"2026-06-09T16:00:55","modified_gmt":"2026-06-09T14:00:55","slug":"a-new-find-of-an-axe-like-iron-bar-from-kroczyce-zawiercie-county-silesian-voivodeship-nowe-znalezisko-grzywny-siekieropodobnej-z-kroczyc-powiat-zawiercianski-wojewodztwo-slaskie","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/mnk.pl\/en\/tom-xix-notae-numismaticae-zapiski-numizmatyczne\/a-new-find-of-an-axe-like-iron-bar-from-kroczyce-zawiercie-county-silesian-voivodeship-nowe-znalezisko-grzywny-siekieropodobnej-z-kroczyc-powiat-zawiercianski-wojewodztwo-slaskie\/","title":{"rendered":"A New Find of an Axe-like Iron Bar from Kroczyce, Zawiercie County, Silesian Voivodeship \/ Nowe znalezisko grzywny siekieropodobnej z Kroczyc, powiat zawiercia\u0144ski, wojew\u00f3dztwo \u015bl\u0105skie"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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Bart\u0142omiej Sz. Szmoniewski, Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ORCID: 0000-0003-0737-434X<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dariusz Rozmus, Humanitas University in Sosnowiec, \u201cSztygarka\u201d Municipal Museum, D\u0105browa G\u00f3rnicza<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ORCID: 0000-0002-3264-8923<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A New Find of an Axe-like Iron Bar from Kroczyce, Zawiercie County, Silesian Voivodeship<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Abstract:<\/strong> The article presents the discovery of an axe-like iron bar, found a few years ago in a limestone rock located northeast of Kroczyce, Silesian Voivodeship. In terms of form, this artefact corresponds to axe-like iron bars referred to in the literature as the Lesser Poland or Vistulan type. Similar artefacts are known from only a few sites in Poland, with their largest concentration recorded in Lesser Poland, where they are dated to the period from the 9th to the mid-10th century. Aside from a single find from Radymno, the distribution range of axe-like iron bars is limited to an area within a 65-kilometer radius of Krakow, which likely served as a central hub and distribution point. Determining the precise function of these iron objects is challenging \u2013 it is assumed that, in addition to their economic significance, they also held considerable symbolic value.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key words:<\/strong> axe-like iron bars, Vistulans, Early Middle Ages, Lesser Poland<\/p>\n\n\n\n

DOI:<\/strong> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.52800\/AJST.1.19.a12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Szmoniewski, B. Sz. and Rozmus, B. 2024. \u201cA New Find of an Axe-like Iron Bar from Kroczyce, Zawiercie County, Silesian Voivodeship\u201d, Notae Numismaticae \u2013 Zapiski Numizmatyczne<\/em> 19: 229\u2013241. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.52800\/AJST.1.19.a12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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A New Find of an Axe-like Iron Bar from Kroczyce, Zawiercie County, Silesian Voivodeship \/ Nowe znalezisko grzywny siekieropodobnej z Kroczyc, powiat zawiercia\u0144ski, wojew\u00f3dztwo \u015bl\u0105skie (PDF, 3,8 MB)<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Bart\u0142omiej Sz. Szmoniewski, Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology ORCID: 0000-0003-0737-434X Dariusz Rozmus, Humanitas University in Sosnowiec, \u201cSztygarka\u201d Municipal Museum, D\u0105browa G\u00f3rnicza ORCID: 0000-0002-3264-8923 A New Find of an Axe-like Iron Bar from Kroczyce, Zawiercie County, Silesian Voivodeship Abstract: The article presents the discovery of an axe-like iron bar, found a few […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"parent":36637,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-36663","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mnk.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/36663","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mnk.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mnk.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mnk.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mnk.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=36663"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/mnk.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/36663\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":36664,"href":"https:\/\/mnk.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/36663\/revisions\/36664"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mnk.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/36637"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mnk.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=36663"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}