{"id":36462,"date":"2026-05-05T15:03:00","date_gmt":"2026-05-05T13:03:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mnk.pl\/tom-xv-notae-numismaticae-zapiski-numizmatyczne\/farmers-the-police-force-and-the-authorities-the-calvatone-1911-hoard-as-seen-through-archival-records-cremona-italy-rolnicy-sily-policyjne-i-przedstawiciele-wlad\/"},"modified":"2026-06-09T12:57:33","modified_gmt":"2026-06-09T10:57:33","slug":"farmers-the-police-force-and-the-authorities-the-calvatone-1911-hoard-as-seen-through-archival-records-cremona-italy-rolnicy-sily-policyjne-i-przedstawiciele-wlad","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/mnk.pl\/en\/tom-xv-notae-numismaticae-zapiski-numizmatyczne\/farmers-the-police-force-and-the-authorities-the-calvatone-1911-hoard-as-seen-through-archival-records-cremona-italy-rolnicy-sily-policyjne-i-przedstawiciele-wlad\/","title":{"rendered":"Farmers, the Police Force, and the Authorities: The \u201cCalvatone (1911) Hoard\u201d as Seen Through Archival Records (Cremona \u2013 Italy) \/ Rolnicy, si\u0142y policyjne i przedstawiciele w\u0142adzy. Skarb \u201eCalvatone (1911)\u201d w \u015bwietle \u017ar\u00f3de\u0142 archiwalnych (Cremona, W\u0142ochy)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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Antonino Cris\u00e0, Ghent University<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ORCID: 0000\u20110003\u20110080\u20112532<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Farmers, the Police Force, and the Authorities: The \u201cCalvatone (1911) Hoard\u201d as Seen Through Archival Records (Cremona \u2013 Italy)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Abstract: <\/strong>This paper presents a new set of archival records from Rome on the discovery of a Roman Republican denarii hoard, found by the brothers Birsilio and Luigi Simonazzi on their lands at Calvatone (Cremona, Italy, 1911). Local police forces seized the hoard and alerted the Coin Cabinet of Brera in Milan, where the numismatist Serafino Ricci (1867\u20131943) evaluated and finally acquired selected coins to increase the museum collections. The \u201cCalvatone (1911) hoard\u201d is an essential case study in the history of Italian numismatic collections, museum studies, and archaeology. These records are particularly worth studying for two main reasons. They show how local and regional authorities dealt with casual archaeological discoveries in northern Italy during the post\u2011Unification period (1861\u20131918). They also help us to better understand how the Italian government acted to safeguard antiquities according to contemporary law, and how the state collections could be increased by judicial seizures and fresh acquisitions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key words:<\/strong> Calvatone Hoard, Brera, museum, Ricci, collection, archives<\/p>\n\n\n\n

DOI: <\/strong>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.52800\/ajst.1.a.07<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cris\u00e0, A. 2020. \u201cFarmers, the Police Force, and the Authorities: The \u201cCalvatone (1911) Hoard\u201d as Seen Through Archival Records (Cremona \u2013 Italy)\u201d, Notae Numismaticae \u2013 Zapiski Numizmatyczne<\/em> 15: 107\u2013135. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.52800\/ajst.1.a.07<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Farmers, the Police Force, and the Authorities: The \u201cCalvatone (1911) Hoard\u201d as Seen Through Archival Records (Cremona \u2013 Italy) \/ Rolnicy, si\u0142y policyjne i przedstawiciele w\u0142adzy. Skarb \u201eCalvatone (1911)\u201d w \u015bwietle \u017ar\u00f3de\u0142 archiwalnych (Cremona, W\u0142ochy) (PDF, 863 kB)<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Antonino Cris\u00e0, Ghent University ORCID: 0000\u20110003\u20110080\u20112532 Farmers, the Police Force, and the Authorities: The \u201cCalvatone (1911) Hoard\u201d as Seen Through Archival Records (Cremona \u2013 Italy) Abstract: This paper presents a new set of archival records from Rome on the discovery of a Roman Republican denarii hoard, found by the brothers Birsilio and Luigi Simonazzi on […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"parent":36441,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-36462","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mnk.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/36462","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mnk.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mnk.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mnk.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mnk.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=36462"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/mnk.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/36462\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":36463,"href":"https:\/\/mnk.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/36462\/revisions\/36463"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mnk.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/36441"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mnk.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=36462"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}